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  How can the simple parity bit detect a damaged data unit?  The simple parity bit can detect a damaged data unit by ensuring that the total number of bits set to 1 (or sometimes 0, depending on the parity system) in the data unit, including the parity bit itself, is either even or odd. Here's how it works: Adding Parity Bit : Before transmission, a parity bit is added to the data unit. This parity bit is calculated based on the current state of the data unit. If using even parity, the parity bit is set so that the total number of 1-bits in the data unit (including the parity bit) is even. If using odd parity, the parity bit is set so that the total number of 1-bits in the data unit (including the parity bit) is odd. Transmission : The data unit, along with the parity bit, is transmitted. Reception : Upon reception, the receiving system recalculates the parity of the received data unit, including the received parity bit. Error Detection : If the recalculated parity doesn't matc

Define the concept of CRC CRC stands for Cyclic Redundancy Check. It's a method used in error detection in digital data transmission or storage. Essentially, CRC involves generating a fixed-size checksum (a sequence of numbers) based on the data being checked. This checksum is appended to the data and transmitted or stored alongside it. When the data is received or retrieved, the CRC checksum is recalculated and compared with the transmitted checksum. If the two checksums match, it's likely that the data was transmitted or stored without errors. If they don't match, it indicates that errors might have occurred during transmission or storage. Discuss the concept of redundancy in error detection Purpose : The primary purpose of redundancy is to provide a means of detecting errors and ensuring data integrity. By adding redundant information to the data, we can perform checks on this extra information to verify the accuracy of the transmitted or stored data. Types of Redundancy

Please go to the original post. I copied this for my personal notes only. REFER THIS LINK :  https://www.computerscience.gcse.guru/theory/error-detection#:~:text=With%20an%20echo%20check%2C%20the,data%20will%20be%20transmitted%20again.   Error Detection There is always the chance that data has been corrupted (changed in some way) during transmission. This is true regardless of the distance of transmission. To avoid having corrupted data it is really important that computers check for errors and correct them wherever possible. There are several methods of error checking, with some being more effective than others. Parity Check An extra bit (parity bit) added to a string of  binary  code to ensure the number of 1-bits are either even or odd, depending upon the  parity check  system used. Method The sending and receiving computers agree the  protocol  to be used (even or odd) The sending computer adds the correct parity bit to the binary data (either an extra 1 or 0) The sending computer